Primary urethral cancer (staging)

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Primary urethral cancer staging often uses the TNM system and is as follows:

TNM staging
Primary tumor staging (T)
  • Tx: primary tumor cannot be assessed
  • T0: no evidence of primary tumor
  • Tis: carcinoma in situ
  • Ta: non-invasive papillary, polypoid, or verrucous carcinoma
  • T1: invasion of subepithelial connective tissue
  • T2: invasion of corpus spongiosum/prostate or peri urethral muscles
  • T3: corpus cavernosum, beyond prostate capsule, anterior vagina, bladder neck
  • T4: invasion of adjacent organs

For transitional cell carcinoma

  • Tx: primary tumor cannot be assessed
  • T0: no evidence of primary tumor
  • Tis: carcinoma in situ
  • Tis pu: carcinoma in situ with involvement of prostatic urethra
  • Tis pd: carcinoma in situ with involvement of prostatic ducts
  • Ta: non-invasive papillary, polypoid, or verrucous carcinoma
  • T1: invasion of subepithelial connective tissue
  • T2: invasion of corpus spongiosum/prostate or periurethral muscles
  • T3: corpus cavernosum, beyond prostate capsule, anterior vagina, bladder neck
  • T4: invasion of adjacent organs
​Nodal status (N)
  • Nx: nodal status cannot be assessed
  • N0: no nodal involvement
  • N1: single nodal metastasis <2 cm in greatest dimension
  • N2: single node more than 2 cm in greatest dimension or multiple nodes
Metastases (M)
  • Mx: distant metastatic disease cannot be assessed
  • M0: no distant metastases
  • M1: distant metastases present
Stage groupings
  • stage 0a
    • ​Ta, N0, M0
  • stage 0is
    • ​Tis, N0, M0
    • Tis pu, N0, M0
    • Tis pd, N0, M0
  • stage I
    • ​T1, N0, M0
  • stage II​
    • T2, N0, M0
  • stage III
    • ​T1, N1, M0
    • T2, N1, M0
    • T3, N0, M0
    • T3, N1, M0
  • stage IV
    • ​T4, N0, M0
    • T4, N1, M0
    • any T, N2, M0
    • any T, Any N, M1