angiographic string sign

The angiographic string sign, also known as the carotid string sign or slim sign, refers to the thin string of intravascular contrast material distal to a stenotic focus in the internal carotid artery (ICA).

Pathology

A thin stripe of flow is caused by decreased pressure and flow distal to the stenosis, which causes a collapse of the distal ICA.

Etiology

An angiographic string sign may be caused by:

  • pre-occlusive atherosclerosis at the carotid bifurcation
  • ICA dissection
  • ICA thrombosis
    • subacute partial
    • chronic subtotal
  • partial recanalization of an occluded ICA
  • stenosis secondary to radiation
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