Grading of brachial plexus injuries

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According to CT myelography, brachial plexus injuries can be classified into six types :

  • N type: normal root sleeve and nerve roots
  • A1 type: slightly deformed root sleeves and nerve roots as compared to unaffected site
  • A2 type: obliteration of the tip of root sleeves and deformed thickened nerve root
  • A3 type: obliteration of the tip of root sleeves and absent nerve root
  • D type: root sleeve defect
  • M type: traumatic meningocele (avulsion pseudomeningocele) formation

Image and illustration examples for each of the types above are shown in Yoshikawa et al. 2006 .