Ketamine bladder

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Ketamine bladder or ketamine bladder syndrome refers to lower urinary tract symptoms associated with long-term ketamine use.

Epidemiology

The presence of lower urinary tract symptoms in long-term ketamine users has been identified to be as high as 90% in some studies .

Clinical presentation

Symptoms may include :

dysuria
nocturia
frequency
incontinence
hematuria

In users who infrequently take the drug mild intermittent symptoms have been reported .

Radiographic features

Ultrasound

Ultrasound features may include :

small bladder volume
bladder wall thickening

CT

Imaging features on CT may include :

bladder and ureteric wall thickening
mucosal enhancement
perivesical inflammation

Treatment and prognosis

Treatment mainly involves cessation of the drug and analgesia. In severe cases reconstructive surgery may be required . Ureteric stricture as well as vesicovaginal fistula formation are possible complications .