Malignant mixed Mullerian tumor

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Malignant mixed Mullerian tumors (MMMTs), sometimes referred to as a carcinosarcoma, are uncommon malignancies that can occur anywhere along the female genital tract.

Pathology

It is comprised of both epithelial (carcinomatous) and stromal (sarcomatous) components.

Implicated risk factors include :

advanced age
excess estrogen exposure
nulliparity
prior pelvic irradiation: estimated in 10-30% of cases
tamoxifen

Location

uterus : commonest site (malignant mixed Mullerian tumor of the uterus account for ~5-8% of all malignant uterine cancers
ovary : malignant mixed Mullerian tumor of the ovary
cervix : malignant mixed Mullerian tumor of the cervix

Radiographic features

Imaging features are somewhat dependent on location and are best discussed under respective sections. In general, they tend to be large bulky lesions.

Treatment and prognosis

They are aggressive neoplasms and lung, liver and bone are common sites of metastases.