Sex cord stromal tumors of the testis

Sex cord stromal tumors of the testis are uncommon testicular neoplasms. Although ~90% of these tumors are benign, they cannot be differentiated from testicular malignancies on imaging, and are therefore usually discovered after orchiectomy.

• Leydig cell tumor of the testis (most common, ~30% hormonally active)
• Sertoli cell tumor of the testis
• juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the testis
• fibroma-thecoma of the testis
• mixed sex cord stromal tumors
  • gonadoblastoma

Epidemiology

Uncommon testicular neoplasms with mildly increased incidence in pediatric patients

• 4% of all testicular neoplasms
• 11%, if <12 years old.

Pathology

These tumors arise from cells that form the sex cords (Sertoli cells) and those that form the testicular stroma (Leydig cells).