variation in fetal presentation
There can be many variations in the fetal presentation which is determined by which part of the fetus is projecting towards the internal cervical os. This includes:
- cephalic presentation: fetal head presenting towards the internal cervical os, considered normal and occurs in the vast majority of births (~97%)
- breech presentation: fetal rump presenting towards the internal cervical os, this has three main types
- frank breech presentation (50-70% of all breech presentation): hips flexed, knees extended (pike position)
- complete breech presentation (5-10%): hips flexed, knees flexed (cannonball position)
- footling presentation or incomplete (10-30%): one or both hips extended, foot presenting
- other, e.g one leg flexed and one leg extended
- shoulder presentation
- funic presentation - cord presentation: umbilical cord presenting towards the internal cervical os
Siehe auch:
