symphalangism

Symphalangism refers to ankylosis of the interphalangeal joints (i.e. fusion of the phalanges) in either the toes or the fingers. Less commonly, the metacarpophalangeal joints may be affected.

Epidemiology

One study reports symphalangism of the fifth toe in ~55% (range 40-75%) of the population. It less commonly affects the fourth (~5%) and third toes (~1%) in descending incidence .

Clinical presentation

Stiffness, lack of volar skin fold and reduced range of motion may be present . More often, it is an incidental finding on radiographs.

Pathology

Most commonly seen as an isolated anatomical variant as a fusion of the middle and distal phalanges in the 5th toe .

Associations

Symphalangism may also be associated with many conditions including :

Historical and etymology

First named by Dr Howard Cushing in 1916 .

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