tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (commonly abbreviated to TB, short for tubercle bacillus) encompasses an enormously wide disease spectrum affecting multiple organs and body systems predominantly caused by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A small proportion can also be caused by Mycobacterium bovis.
Epidemiology
Although tuberculosis continues to be very common in developing nations. Approximately 10 million people globally per year have positive exposure to tuberculosis . In Western industrialised populations it has become uncommon but is increasing in prevalence among immunocompromised patients, particularly those with HIV/AIDS. An estimated 5% HIV patients have Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, which become clinically apparent when CD4+ counts drop to below 350 cells/mm, typically with findings of post-primary pulmonary tuberculosis .
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation will depend upon the morphology of infection and location. These are discussed in separate articles.
- morphology
- location
History and etymology
Aristotle is usually credited as being the first to recognize the contagious nature of the disease. Discovery of the specific infectious agent, the tubercle bacillus (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), did not occur for several millennia until it was isolated by Robert Koch in 1882 . M. tuberculosis was previously known as Koch bacillus and tuberculosis known as Koch disease. It was also historically known as consumption due to the severe associated weight loss.
Siehe auch:
- pulmonale Tuberkulose
- Pleuraplaques
- pleurale Tuberkulose
- miliare Lungenherde
- Miliartuberkulose
- Nierentuberkulose
- Tuberkulose des ZNS
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- meningeale Tuberkulose
- tuberkulöse Spondylitis
- primary pulmonary tuberculosis
- Tuberkulose des Peritoneums
- tuberkulöse Halslymphknoten
- post-primary pulmonary tuberculosis
- post primary pulmonary tuberculosis
- urogenitale Tuberkulose
- Pleuritis exsudativa
- Kavernöse Lungenläsionen
- multiresistente Tuberkulose
- Tuberkulose der Mamma
- pelvine Tuberkulose
- Tuberkulostatikum
- tuberkulöse Otomastoiditis
und weiter:
- Pleurakuppenschwielen
- verkalkte mediastinale Lymphknoten
- Dünndarmileus
- Pleuraerguss
- umgekehrtes Halozeichen Lunge
- Tumoren der Hypophysenregion
- Splenomegalie
- Chylothorax
- Skoliose
- Amyloidose
- pulmonale und mediastinale Sarcoidose
- reverse halo sign
- apikale Pleurakappe
- mediastinal lymphoma
- linitis plastica
- bilaterale hiläre Lymphadenopathie
- Tuberkulose der Milz
- testicular epidermoid
- arteriovenöse Malformationen der Lunge
- Gibbus
- bilaterale axilläre Lymphadenopathie
- radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis
- einzelne Pleuraraumforderung
- Plombage
- hyperdenser Lymphknoten
- Erythema nodosum
- differential diagnosis of calcified pulmonary densities
- retikuläres Muster
- gut fistulation
- tuberculous empyema
- diffuse Trachealwandverdickung
- Anthrakose
- melioidosis
- renal papillary necrosis (mnemonic)
- Raumforderungen der Trachea
- Nebennierenläsionen
- hypertrophic olivary degeneration
- Gynäkomastie
- zentrilobuläre Lungennoduli
- chronic bilateral airspace opacification
- differential diagnosis of unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy
- CNS manifestations of AIDS
- causes of perfusion defects on a VQ scan
- differential of chronic alveolar opacities
- bone lesions with sequestrum
- Skrofeln
- Hughes-Stovin-Syndrom
- opportunistische Infektionen
- beschleunigte Skelettreifung
- papillary necrosis (mnemonic)
- bladder calcification (mnemonic)
- diffuse pleural fibrosis
- Vergrößerung der zervikalen Lymphknoten
- dens erosion
- pulmonary upper zone involvement (mnemonic)
- generalised increased liver echogenicity
- cystic cervical mass adjacent to the angle of mandible
- Tuberkulose des Larynx
- Nasenseptumdefekt
- hyperechoic liver
- galaxy sign
- Thorakoplastik
- solitary sclerotic bone lesion with a lucent centre
- Ranke complex
- small bowel folds (differential diagnoses)
- multifocal spinal tuberculosis
- chronic primary adrenal insufficiency
- pulmonary manifestations of lymphomatoid granulomatosis
- lytic bone lesion surrounded by marked sclerosis (mnemonic)
- Tuberkulose von Leber und Milz
- Tuberkulose des Ösophagus
- tubercular esophagocutaneous fistula
- Phemister triad
- crazy paving-Muster
- peritoneal tuberculosis following infliximab therapy
- abdominelle und pelvine Verkalkungen
- Isoniazid
- extrapulmonale Manifestationen der Tuberkulose
- diffuse Trachealverengung
- Tuberkulose der Leber
- thorakale Plombage
- Vergrößerung der Glandula parotis
- chronic tuberculosis
- MDR Tuberkulose
- Assmanninfiltrat
- discrete colonic ulceration
- Nachweis Tbc
- tuberculosis in a child
- Handlungsempfehlung für den Umgang mit Patienten mit vermuteter Tuberkulose
- Tuberkulose der Wirbelsäule und des Spinalkanals
- idiopathische granulomatöse Mastitis
- tuberkulöse Lymphadenopathie
- Großgefäßvaskulitis
- Merkspruch Nasenseptumperforation
- ileozökale Tuberkulose