Basal cell carcinoma
A basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the commonest non-melanocytic types of skin cancer.
Epidemiology
Typically present in elderly fair skinned patients in the 7 to 8 decades of life. There may be an increased male predilection.
Associations
Multiple basal cell carcinomas may be present in those with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.
Pathology
It is an indolent primary cutaneous neoplasm arising from the basal layer of the epidermis.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
On ultrasound, small primary cutaneous basal cell carcinomas tend to usually appear as well‐defined oval hypoechoic or heterogeneous dermal structures; although the lesions can also affect deeper layers. Basal cell carcinomas can have hyper-echoic spots, which if present has been reported to be useful sign to differentiate from other types of skin cancer. These hyperechoic spots can have a "cotton flower–like appearance" and usually does not show posterior acoustic shadowing artifact that is classically described in gross calcified structures .
MRI
Generally reported signal characteristics include
- T1: isointense or hyperintense (relative to muscle)
- T2: hyperintense (relative to muscle)
- T1 C+(Gd): enhances
Treatment and prognosis
It is often locally aggressive, may invade the skin and adjacent structures, including the muscles and bones. It has a low metastatic potential (but can very rarely metastasize). It also has high rate of recurrence.
Surgery is the treatment of choice of primary basal cell cancers; chemotherapy (e.g. sonidegib (Odomzo) is used for metastatic cases.
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Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu Basaliom: