cystic degeneration of a leiomyoma

Cystic degeneration is an uncommon type of degeneration that a uterine leiomyoma (fibroid) can undergo.

Epidemiology

 This type of degeneration is thought to represent ~4% of all types of uterine leiomyoma degeneration.

Pathology

When the leiomyoma increases in size, the vascular supply to it becomes inadequate and leads to different types of degeneration: hyaline, cystic, myxoid, or red degenerationDystrophic calcification may also occur. Hyalinization is the commonest type of degeneration. Cystic degeneration is an extreme sequel of edema.

Radiographic features

Ultrasound

May show a hypoechoic or heterogeneous uterine mass with cystic areas.

MRI

Fibroids with this type of degeneration may show cystic areas with portions of high T2 signal on MRI .

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