Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia is a condition in which elevated levels of lipids circulating in the blood.

Clinical presentation

Hyperlipidemia is usually asymptomatic. However, certain forms may be associated with types of xanthomas.

Pathology

Several genetic disorders (e.g. familial hypercholesterolemia) can lead to various hyperlipaedmia phenotypes, however, in Western society dietary and lifestyle issues play the predominant role in its development.

The main significance of hypercholesterolemia is it being a risk factor for atherosclerosis, such as that implicated in coronary artery disease.

Treatment and prognosis

Management incorporates lifestyle measures (e.g. dietary changes) and pharmacotherapy (e.g. statins, ezetimibe, etc.). In some familial disorders, plasmapheresis may additionally be indicated.