leukemia

Toddler with
back painLateral radiograph of the thoracic spine shows diffuse osteopenia in the vertebral bodies with loss of height (vertebra plana) in all of the vertebral bodies.The diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia involving the spine.
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Infant with
stridor. Lateral radiograph of the airway (above) shows a large amount of retropharyngeal soft tissue swelling. Axial CT with contrast of the neck (below) shows a large round low density lesion in the left parapharyngeal space.The diagnosis was chloroma in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia.
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School ager
with back pain. Lateral radiographs at presentation of the thoracic (left) and lumbar (middle) spine show diffuse osteopenia and loss of vertebral body height throughout the spine while lateral radiograph obtained a decade later of the lumbar spine (right) shows a faint bone within bone appearance of the vertebral bodies.The diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Leukemia is a hematological neoplasm characterized by the overproduction of immature (blasts) or abnormally differentiated cells of the hematopoietic system in the bone marrow that often, but not always, extends into the peripheral blood.

This article aims to provide an overview of leukemia as an entity and how it is classified. For a further detailed discussion, including radiographic features, please refer to the specific articles on each subtype. Also, for the entire classification of hematological neoplasms, please refer to the article on "WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues".

General classification 

Leukemia is classically divided according to the percentage of blasts in the bone marrow or peripheral blood:

  • acute: when there is a proliferation of mostly immature/poorly differentiated cells (blasts) in the bone marrow (exceeding 20% of the bone marrow cell population)
    • clonal cells buildup crowds out the marrow in detriment of healthy blood lineage cells
    • disease becomes symptomatic early
  • chronic: when there is a proliferation of mostly mature but abnormal leukocytes (abnormal leukocytosis) with or without associated cytopenia
Specific classification 

The 2016 revised WHO classification has an extensive list of subtypes of leukemia, this article will list the most prevalent ones .

Systemic involvement 
Siehe auch:
und weiter:
Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu Leukämie:
Akute
myeloische Leukämie
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Akute
lymphatische Leukämie (ALL)
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