primary pulmonary tuberculosis
Primary pulmonary tuberculosis is seen in patients not previously exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Epidemiology
It is most common in infants and children and has the highest prevalence in children under 5 years of age .
Radiographic features
Primary pulmonary tuberculosis manifests as five main entities:
- parenchymal disease
- usually manifests as dense, homogeneous parenchymal consolidation in any lobe
- however, predominance in the lower and middle lobes (subpleural sites) is suggestive of the disease, especially in adults
- lymphadenopathy
- miliary opacities
- clustered parenchymal opacification may give a galaxy sign
- pleural effusion
Treatment and prognosis
In approximately two-thirds of cases, the parenchymal focus resolves without sequelae at conventional radiography; however, this resolution can take up to 2 years. In the remaining cases, a radiologic scar persists that can calcify in up to 15% of cases, an entity that is known as a Ghon focus. Other calcified foci can also be seen, and persistent masslike opacities called tuberculomas are seen in ~10% of cases .
Differential diagnosis
Its appearance is often indistinguishable from that of bacterial pneumonia.
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Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu primary pulmonary tuberculosis:
