Eosinophilic gastroenteritis

Eosinophilic
enterocolitis: a case report. MR enterography showing a discontinuous an inflammatory thickening of the ileum (Blue arrows indicate an inflammatory thickening of the ileum)
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Eosinophilic
gastroenteritis with refractory ulcer disease and gastrointestinal bleeding as a rare manifestation of seronegative gastrointestinal food allergy. Endoscopic and histologic findings in the patient with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and seronegative gastrointestinal bleeding before and after antiallergic treatment. A: Several confluating fibrinous ulcers and swelling within the bulb of the duodenum persisting for more than 3 years despite successful helicobacter eradication. B: Chronic inflammation of the duodenum with dense eosinophils within the mucosa. C: Endoscopic view to distal bulb of the duodenum without ulcers or swelling 9 months after allergen elimination, but beginning deformation of the bulb. D: Chronic inflammation of the duodenum, but decrease of eosinophils.
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Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is an uncommon disease characterized by diffuse infiltration of any or all layers of gut wall by eosinophils.

Epidemiology 

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is an uncommon but not rare disease with slight male predominance. It can affect any age group but usually patients present in their 3to 5 decades of life.

Clinical presentation

  • self-limiting disorder in the majority of cases
  • patients may present with dysphagia, food impaction, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea depending on the site of involvement
  • in severely affected children it may result in growth retardation
  • ascites and pleural effusions may be present 

Pathology 

  • chronic inflammatory disorder of GI wall of undetermined pathophysiology, although atopy-related genes, inflammatory cells, and mediators play a role in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis
  • history of allergy, in particular food allergy, is present in approximately 50% of cases
  • more than 60% of cases show peripheral eosinophilia 
  • on biopsy, there is evidence of mucosal edema and infiltration of the eosinophils, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and lymphocytes in different layers of the gut wall
Location

It can affect various segments of the bowel which include

Radiographic features 

Fluoroscopy
  • eosinophilic esophagitis may show a "ringed esophagus" (series of ring-like strictures), and/or smooth long segment narrowing of the esophagus 
  • gastrointestinal involvement is more common
    • virtually always involves gastric antrum and proximal small intestine
    • non-specific mucosal fold thickening and nodularity particularly in the gastric antrum, without submucosal edema
    • when chronic, the antrum is narrowed with a nodular "cobblestone" mucosal appearance
CT 
  • CT features are non-specific and may show GI wall thickening and submucosal edema

Treatment and prognosis

  • responds well to oral corticosteroids and dietary exclusion 
Siehe auch:
und weiter:
Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu eosinophile Gastroenteritis:
eosinophile
Ösophagitis
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