Neonatal respiratory distress (causes)
Causes of neonatal distress can be broadly split into intrathoracic, extrathoracic and systemic:
Intrathoracic
Medical
- respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
- transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
- meconium aspiration syndrome
- bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
- patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE)
- pulmonary hemorrhage
- pulmonary hypoplasia
- unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia/agenesis
- pulmonary lymphangiectasia
- persistent pulmonary hypoplasia of the newborn
- leaky lung syndrome
- neonatal pulmonary infection/neonatal pneumonia
- thyroid transcription factor 1 deficiency
- pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis
Surgical
- esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula
- congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
- congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM)
- pulmonary sequestration
- enteric duplication cyst
- diaphragmatic eventration
- bronchogenic cyst
- congenital lobar emphysema (CLE)
Extrathoracic
- central nervous system
- hemorrhage
- vein of Galen malformation
- tumor
- trauma
- increased pressure including hydrocephalus
- extrathoracic airway obstruction
- neuromuscular
- Werdnig-Hoffman disease
- skeletal abnormalities
- abdominal
- perforation
- necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
- obstruction
- mass or visceromegaly
- ascites
Systemic
- sepsis
- profound anemia
- hypothermia
- hypovolemic shock
- electrolyte imbalance
- adrenal insufficiency
- severe acidosis
Related Radiopaedia articles
Neonatal films
- neonatal lines and tubes
- neonatal respiratory distress (causes)
- neonatal chest x-ray (an approach)
- neonatal chest pathology
- respiratory distress syndrome
- neonatal chronic lung disease
- transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
- meconium aspiration
- neonatal pneumonia
- pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE)
- respiratory distress syndrome
