Xerostomie | pacs

Xerostomie im

Röntgenbild / in der Schluckuntersuchung. Das Kontrastmittel bleibt auffallend lange an den trockenen Schleimhäuten hängen und macht dementsprechend einen kräftigen Kontrast.

Wikipedia • CC BY-SA 4.0

Preliminary

study on the efficacy of xerostomia treatment with sialocentesis targeting thyroid disease patients given radioiodine therapy. Salivary gland scintigraphy

jkamprs.springeropen.com • CC-by-4.0

Radiopaedia • CC-by-nc-sa 3.0 • de

Xerostomia is the medical term for a dry mouth, and is most commonly due to hyposalivation.

Epidemiology

Xerostomia is the most frequently observed salivary abnormality in clinical practice .

Clinical presentation

dryness of the mouth
uncomfortable swallowing
vocalisation difficulties: tongue may adhere to the palate impairing speech
taste disturbances: ageusia and dysgeusia
fetor oris

Complications

A chronic lack of saliva can result in several sequelae, with potentially serious morbidity:

caries
infections
- cheilitis
- oral candidiasis
- acute bacterial sialadenitis

Pathology

Etiology

Most people experience a dry mouth from time to time, whether related to 'nerves' or because they are mildly dehydrated.

Physiological

anxiety
"mouth-breathers"
old age: reduced saliva production

Iatrogenic

medication
- anticholinergic activity
  - anticholinergics: atropine, hyoscine
  - proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), e.g. omeprazole
  - antidepressants, e.g. tricyclics, SSRIs
  - benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam
  - opioids
  - antihistamines
- agents affecting sympathetic system
  - sympathomimetic agents: e.g. ephedrine
  - antihypertensives
- agents promoting fluid depletion
  - diuretics
radiotherapy: including radioiodine for thyroid disease
graft-versus-host disease