angiolipoma
Angiolipomas (also sometimes known as haemangiolipomas, vascular lipomas, and fibromyolipomas) are rare soft tissue tumors composed of mature adipocytes and vessels. They can occur essentially anywhere and can be subclassified into infiltrating and non-infiltrating variants .
Please refer to the epidural (spinal) angiolipoma article for a specific discussion. The remainder of this article describes the general features of peripheral angiolipomas.
Epidemiology
Typically occur in young adults, appearing on the forearm (most common location), trunk and upper arm. They are more common in males. The most common presentation is of multiple, small (<2 cm), subcutaneous, tender nodules .
Infiltrating angiolipomas are much rarer than the non-infiltrating variant. They occur in children and adults and have no sex predilection. They most commonly appear in the muscles of the lower extremity, neck, and shoulder, and are usually painless .
Radiographic features
As expected, these masses contain adipose tissue with prominent vascular supply.
Infiltrating angiolipoma is nonencapsulated and can contain phleboliths, heterotopic bone, and calcium salts. There are authors who conclude that it should be classified as an "intramuscular hemangioma" .
Ultrasonography
Appear as well-circumscribed, homogeneous hyperechoic masses .
MRI
Angiolipomas demonstrate signal intensity characteristics of mature adipose tissue. Vascular elements are T1-hypointense and T2 hyperintense and enhance vividly following administration of contrast .
Angiography
Catheter angiography demonstrates prominent coarse neovascularity. During the capillary phase, contrast staining is typically seen .
Treatment and prognosis
Treatment is predominantly surgical, although infiltrating tumors are difficult to completely excise and, as mentioned above, tend to recur locally.
See also
Siehe auch:
