common variable immunodeficiency

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a condition that is associated with an impaired immune system. It is considered the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency and is characterized by recurrent respiratory tract infections.

Clinical presentation

The commonest presentation is that of frequent respiratory tract infections.

Pathology

The exact cause is unknown in at least 90% of cases, while a genetic cause may be present in <10% of cases. The conditions involve:

  • low levels of most or all of the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes - hypogammaglobulinaemia
  • lack of B lymphocytes or plasma cells that are capable of producing antibodies
  • frequent bacterial infections
Serology

The following serological abnormalities may be present:

  • serum IgA and IgG: decreased but not absent
  • serum IgM: occasionally decreased
  • circulating T and B lymphocytes: present
Manifestations

It can affect multiple organ systems:

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