Common variable immunodeficiency (pulmonary manifestations)

Pulmonary manifestations of common variable immunodeficiency can be variable. The respiratory system is one of the most commonly affected systems in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).

Radiographic features

CT

The spectrum of findings seen in the chest include:

• bronchiectasis with interstitial lung disease (e.g. granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease)
  • could either be due to repeated lung infection or manifestation of dysregulated lymphoid proliferation
  • bronchiectasis has been reported as up to 65% of patients according to one study
  • ~10% of patients with common variable immunodeficiency have a systemic granulomatous disease with associated interstitial lung disease
• pulmonary nodules
• ground glass changes
• lung parenchymal opacification: may be multifocal
• other features
  • intrathoracic or intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy and/ or hepatosplenomegaly