HIV/AIDS (genitourinary manifestations)

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Genitourinary manifestations of HIV/AIDS are protean and can be divided into:

  • HIV-associated nephropathy
  • renal diseases related to opportunistic infections: CMV, tuberculosis and MAC infections, fungal infections, pneumocystis carinii infection
  • drug-related renal diseases:
    • indinavir-induced calculi which are typically radiolucent
    • nephrotoxicity due to medication used to treat infections (e.g. amphotericin, cotrimoxazole)
  • neoplasia causing renal disease: Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma
  • vascular causes of renal disease: renal artery stenosis due to dyslipidemia related to HAART or HIV itself