tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (commonly abbreviated to TB, short for tubercle bacillus) encompasses an enormously wide disease spectrum affecting multiple organs and body systems predominantly caused by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A small proportion can also be caused by Mycobacterium bovis.
Epidemiology
Although tuberculosis continues to be very common in developing nations. Approximately 10 million people globally per year have positive exposure to tuberculosis . In Western industrialised populations it has become uncommon but is increasing in prevalence among immunocompromised patients, particularly those with HIV/AIDS. An estimated 5% HIV patients have Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, which become clinically apparent when CD4+ counts drop to below 350 cells/mm, typically with findings of post-primary pulmonary tuberculosis .
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation will depend upon the morphology of infection and location. These are discussed in separate articles.
- morphology
- location
History and etymology
Aristotle is usually credited as being the first to recognize the contagious nature of the disease. Discovery of the specific infectious agent, the tubercle bacillus (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), did not occur for several millennia until it was isolated by Robert Koch in 1882 . M. tuberculosis was previously known as Koch bacillus and tuberculosis known as Koch disease. It was also historically known as consumption due to the severe associated weight loss.
Siehe auch:
- pulmonale Tuberkulose
- Pleuraplaques
- Kavernöse Lungenläsionen
- Tuberkulose des ZNS
- Miliartuberkulose
- Nierentuberkulose
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- miliare Lungenherde
- pleurale Tuberkulose
- primary pulmonary tuberculosis
- Tuberkulose des Peritoneums
- tuberkulöse Spondylitis
- tuberkulöse Halslymphknoten
- urogenitale Tuberkulose
- post primary pulmonary tuberculosis
- Pleuritis exsudativa
- tuberkulöse Meningitis
- Tuberkulose der Mamma
- pelvine Tuberkulose
- multiresistente Tuberkulose
- tuberkulöse Otomastoiditis
- Tuberkulostatikum
- post-primary pulmonary tuberculosis
und weiter:
- Pleurakuppenschwielen
- Dünndarmileus
- verkalkte mediastinale Lymphknoten
- Tumoren der Hypophysenregion
- Splenomegalie
- Skoliose
- arteriovenöse Malformationen der Lunge
- umgekehrtes Halozeichen Lunge
- apikale Pleurakappe
- reverse halo sign
- linitis plastica
- Fibrothorax
- Chylothorax
- Amyloidose
- pulmonale und mediastinale Sarcoidose
- renal papillary necrosis (mnemonic)
- mediastinal lymphoma
- Gynäkomastie
- radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis
- Gibbus
- Vergrößerung der zervikalen Lymphknoten
- bilaterale hiläre Lymphadenopathie
- crazy paving-Muster
- Erythema nodosum
- einzelne Pleuraraumforderung
- Tuberkulose der Milz
- testicular epidermoid
- bilaterale axilläre Lymphadenopathie
- Plombage
- differential diagnosis of calcified pulmonary densities
- retikuläres Muster
- Hughes-Stovin-Syndrom
- differential of chronic alveolar opacities
- thorakale Plombage
- hyperdenser Lymphknoten
- zentrilobuläre Lungennoduli
- tuberculous empyema
- Raumforderungen der Trachea
- Nebennierenläsionen
- Anthrakose
- hypertrophic olivary degeneration
- melioidosis
- beschleunigte Skelettreifung
- differential diagnosis of unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy
- chronic bilateral airspace opacification
- extrapulmonale Manifestationen der Tuberkulose
- diffuse Trachealwandverdickung
- Skrofeln
- hyperechoic liver
- bladder calcification (mnemonic)
- CNS manifestations of AIDS
- Nasenseptumdefekt
- abdominelle und pelvine Verkalkungen
- dens erosion
- Thorakoplastik
- papillary necrosis (mnemonic)
- Tuberkulose von Leber und Milz
- generalised increased liver echogenicity
- Tuberkulose der Leber
- opportunistische Infektionen
- solitary sclerotic bone lesion with a lucent centre
- Tuberkulose der Wirbelsäule und des Spinalkanals
- pulmonary upper zone involvement (mnemonic)
- diffuse Trachealverengung
- Tuberkulose des Larynx
- pulmonary manifestations of lymphomatoid granulomatosis
- Vergrößerung der Glandula parotis
- cystic cervical mass adjacent to the angle of mandible
- lytic bone lesion surrounded by marked sclerosis (mnemonic)
- small bowel folds (differential diagnoses)
- idiopathische granulomatöse Mastitis
- Knochenläsionen mit Sequester
- Ranke complex
- multifocal spinal tuberculosis
- peritoneal tuberculosis following infliximab therapy
- galaxy sign
- Phemister triad
- chronic primary adrenal insufficiency
- Tuberkulose des Ösophagus
- Großgefäßvaskulitis
- tubercular esophagocutaneous fistula
- Isoniazid
- Nachweis Tbc
- tuberkulöse Lymphadenopathie
- chronic tuberculosis
- Merkspruch Nasenseptumperforation
- ileozökale Tuberkulose
- gastrointestinale Fistelbildungen
- discrete colonic ulceration
- MDR Tuberkulose
- Assmanninfiltrat
- tuberculosis in a child
- Handlungsempfehlung für den Umgang mit Patienten mit vermuteter Tuberkulose
- Ursachen für Perfusionsdefekte in der Lungenventilations / -perfusionsszintigraphie
- triad of Phemister
Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu Tuberkulose:
