Ligamentum capitis femoris

The ligamentum teres, also known as the ligamentum capitis femoris or round ligament of the hip, is an intra-articular ligament within the medial hip joint.

Gross anatomy

The ligament passes from the transverse ligament and acetabular notch of the acetabulum to the femoral head where it inserts into a shallow depression called the fovea capitis. The ligament is lined by synovium. It ranges from a well-formed structure in some patients to absent in others (case 2).

Function

In the infant it has a significant role so far as it transmits a nutrient artery to the femoral head epiphysis. In the adult, its role is poorly understood, and there are several hypothesized functions which include :

  • maintains the upright position as it is tightest when erect and weight-bearing
  • aids fine coordination of the hip joint
  • additional hip stabilizer in patients with generalized ligamentous laxity, hip dysplasia and in patients with anteroinferior acetabular deficiency
  • maintain lubrication in the joint by aiding the distribution of synovial fluid

Anatomical variants

  • congenital absence of the ligamentum teres

Related pathology

  • ligament rupture or tear
  • avulsion fracture of the fovea capitis (case 3)
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