Medial cuneiform

The medial cuneiform is one of the tarsal bones located between the navicular and base of first metatarsal, medial to the intermediate cuneiform bone.

Gross anatomy

Osteology

The medial cuneiform is one of the cuneiforms, it is the most medial in the distal row of tarsal bones.

It has a narrow dorsal surface and a flat plantar surface which receives a slip from the tibialis posterior tendon. The distal surface is reniform, congruent with the articulating base of first metatarsal and proximal surface has a pyriform facet for the navicular. The medial surface is subcutaneous, convex vertically and exhibits an impression for the tibialis anterior. The lateral surface shows dorsal facets for the articulations with intermediate cuneiforms and second metatarsal base. The distal plantar aspect of the lateral surface demonstrates a groove for the peroneus longus tendon.

Articulations

As described above, the medial cuneiform exhibits various facets separated by bony ridges, articulating with the first and second metatarsal bases, the intermediate cuneiform and navicular bones.

Attachments
Musculotendinous

These are mainly along the plantar aspect:

Ligamentous

The plantar aspect of the lateral surface shows ligamentous attachments to the first, second and third metatarsal bases via plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments and receives a slip from the plantar cuneonavicular ligament.

Proximally it is attached to the intermediate cuneiform through interosseous intercuneiform ligament.

Arterial supply

This bone receives medial, lateral and dorsal surface arterial branches from the dorsal arterial network .

Venous drainage

The draining veins of the medial cuneiform correspond to the arterial supply.

Innervation

It is supplied by the deep peroneal and medial plantar nerves.

Variant anatomy

Development

Ossification

This bone usually has one ossific center but may have two centers in some cases. The ossific center appears at two years of age.

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