paraneoplastic cerebellar atrophy

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is a type of paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by the progressive onset of cerebellar dysfunction not explained by tumoral invasion, metastasis, or treatment side effects.

Epidemiology

It is an uncommon paraneoplastic syndrome that has been reported in patients with small-cell lung cancer, ovary malignancies, breast carcinoma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma .

Clinical presentation

Cerebellar dysfunction may manifest as dizziness, nausea/vomiting, ataxia, diplopia, dysarthria, or dysphagia . A rapidly progressing gait unsteadiness is usually the key symptom that prompt for neuroimaging.

Radiographic features

Brain imaging with CT or MRI may show either normal cerebellum, particularly in initial presentation, to eventual diffuse cerebellar atrophy. Cerebellar hemispheric enlargement and cortical-meningeal enhancement have been reported .

Treatment and prognosis

The management is focused on the tumor treatment and supportive therapies.

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