Paraneoplastic syndromes

Paraneoplastic syndromes occur secondary to the indirect effects of a malignancy and occur remotely to the primary malignancy. Symptoms are mediated by cytokines, hormones or immune cross-reactivity. These syndromes can cause a diverse range of symptoms and can affect multiple systems.

Epidemiology

Paraneoplastic syndromes occur in up to 15% of patients with cancer .

Pathology

Paraneoplastic syndromes arise most commonly with small cell lung cancer as well as gynecological and hematological malignancies.

Paraneoplastic syndromes can affect multiple systems and have a diverse presentation. Some examples are given below :

• paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes
  • carcinoid syndrome
  • Cushing syndrome
  • hypercalcemia
  • hypoglycemia
  • syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
• paraneoplastic neurological syndromes
  • encephalitis
    • paraneoplastic rhombencephalitis
    • limbic encephalitis
  • Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
  • optic neuropathy
  • cerebellar degeneration
• paraneoplastic rheumatological/dermatological syndromes
  • acanthosis nigricans
  • dermatomyositis
  • hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
  • leukocytoclastic vasculitis
  • paraneoplastic pemphigus
  • Sweet syndrome
  • pyoderma gangrenosum
  • Leser-Trélat sign
• paraneoplastic hematologic syndromes
  • Good syndrome
  • polycythemia
• miscellaneous paraneoplastic syndromes
  • Stauffer syndrome

History and etymology

Paraneoplastic comes from the Greek words for alongside (para), new (neo) and formation (plasis) .

Siehe auch:

• hypertrophe Osteoarthropathie
• Limbische Enzephalitis
• Mondor disease
• Doege-Potter-Syndrom
• Bazex-Syndrom
• Syndrom der inadäquaten ADH-Sekretion (SIADH)
• paraneoplastic necrotising myelopathy
• paraneoplastic cerebellar atrophy
• Lambert-Eaton-Syndrom
• paraneoplastische Hyperkalzämie
• Rhombenzephalitis als paraneoplastisches Syndrom
• Trousseau-Syndrom

und weiter:

• Pierre-Marie-Bamberger-Krankheit