Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Progressive
multifocal leukoencephalopathy immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia
Roberts, J. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 20 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-60493 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)
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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-IRIS) is a form of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) seen in patients who are immunomodulated and develop an aggressive form of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).

Two types of PML-IRIS are recognized:

  • PML-s-IRIS: simultaneous development of IRIS and PML due to immune reconstitution
  • PML-d-IRIS: immune reconstitution worsens preexisting PML

    • Both PML-s-IRIS and PML-d-IRIS are encountered in HIV/AIDS and multiple sclerosis, particularly in JC virus positive patients in the setting of prolonged treatment with natalizumab .