pyriform aperture stenosis

Pyriform aperture stenosis refers to narrowing of the pyriform aperture and results from early fusion and hypertrophy of the medial nasal processes.

Epidemiology

Pyriform aperture stenosis is a rare cause of airway obstruction, and its prevalence is unknown.

Pathology

Associations

Radiographic features 

CT

HRCT is the imaging modality of choice. It is performed in planes angled along the hard palate with a section thickness of 1-1.5 mm and should include the maxillary spines.

Imaging features of pyriform aperture stenosis include:

  • inward bowing and thickening of nasal processes of maxilla
  • narrowing of the pyriform aperture measuring less than 8 mm (normal is not <11 mm)
MRI / ultrasonography

Associated intracranial anomalies can be excluded in infants with MR imaging or ultrasonography.

Treatment and prognosis

Treatment of mild cases of pyriform aperture stenosis includes administration of decongestants, which allows time for normal nasal growth. Severe cases may require surgical reconstruction with stent placement, sublabial resection of the anteromedial maxilla, or reconstruction of the anterior nasal passages.

Differential diagnosis

Possible consideration on axial CT images include

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