Struma ovarii tumor

Struma ovarii tumor is a subtype of an ovarian teratoma and is composed entirely or predominantly of thyroid tissue and containing variable-sized follicles with colloid material.

Epidemiology

It accounts for 0.3-1% of all ovarian tumors and ~3% of all mature cystic teratomas .

Clinical presentation

Approximately 5-8% of cases can show symptoms or signs of thyrotoxicosis.

Pathology

To qualify as a struma ovarii tumors more than 50% of the tumor should be composed of thyroid tissue .

The gross pathologic appearance of struma ovarii differs from that of mature cystic teratomas where struma ovarii consist of amber-colored thyroid tissue, with hemorrhage, necrosis, and fibrosis.

Radiographic features

While imaging features can be non-specific and overlap with other ovarian neoplasms, ultrasound and CT usually demonstrate a complex adnexal lesion with multiple cystic and solid areas, reflecting the gross pathologic appearance of the tumor .  Ascites may be present in up to a third of cases .

CT

On CT scans they are most often seen as smooth marginated multicystic masses with a high attenuation on precontrast scans and no or moderate cyst wall enhancement .

Pelvic MRI

May be seen as a multiloculated cystic mass, with solid parts. The cystic spaces can demonstrate both high and low (from gelatinous colloid ) signal intensity on T1 and T2 weighted images.

The presence of areas of very low signal intensity on T2-weighted images, due to the viscous colloid material is sometimes considered as suggestive for the presence of struma ovarii tumor.

  • T1 C+ (Gd): the solid portions may show enhancement

Treatment and prognosis

Treatment is with surgical resection. The vast majority of struma ovarii tumors (90-95% ) tend to be benign and therefore carry a good prognosis.

History and etymology

First described by R Boettin in 1889 .

See also

Siehe auch:
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