ovarian tumors
Krukenberg-Tumor
bei Magenkarzinom CT-morphologisch rechts dorsal des hyperperfundierten Uterus, histologisch war auch links eine Metastase des Ovars im Sinne eines Krukenberg-Tumors nachweisbar.
Epithelial
ovarian tumors • Serous cystadenoma of the ovary - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia
Ovarian
tumors • Ovarian dysgerminoma - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia
Ovarian
granulosa cell tumour: MR imaging findings. Axial contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image obtained with fat saturation shows intense and heterogeneous mass enhancement (arrow).
Ovary
mucinous cystoadenoma with components of a mucinous borderline tumor.
Ovarian
granulosa cell tumour: MR imaging findings. Transverse T1-weighted image shows an ovoid, well-delineated left adnexal mass lesion (arrow), mainly isointense to the normal uterus (long arrow).
Ovarian
tumors • Ovarian dermoid - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia
Epithelial
ovarian tumors • Mucinous ovarian cystadenoma - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia
Ovarian
tumors • Ovarian cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia
Teratoma •
Ruptured ovarian teratoma - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia
Ovarian tumors are relatively common and account for ~6% of female malignancies. This article focuses on the general classification of ovarian tumors. For specific features, refer to the subarticles.
Pathology
Subtypes
Primary ovarian tumors
Surface epithelial-stromal ovarian tumors (60-70%):
- ovarian serous tumors
- ovarian serous cystadenoma: ~60% of serous tumors
- ovarian borderline serous cystadenoma: ~15% of serous tumors
- ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma: ~25% of serous tumors; commonest malignant ovarian tumor
- ovarian mucinous tumors: ~20% of all ovarian tumors
- ovarian mucinous cystadenoma: ~80% of mucinous tumors
- ovarian borderline mucinous cystadenoma: 10-15% of mucinous tumors
- ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma: 5-10% of mucinous tumors
- ovarian endometrioid tumor: 8-15% of all ovarian tumors
- clear cell ovarian carcinoma: ~5% of ovarian cancer
- Brenner tumor: ~2.5% of ovarian epithelial neoplasms
- squamous cell carcinoma of the ovary
- ovarian cystadenofibroma* / ovarian adenofibroma: can be serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell or mixed
- ovarian cystadenocarcinofibroma: extremely rare
- ovarian fibrosarcoma
- undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary: ~4% of all ovarian tumors
* sometimes classified as a separate category rather than under epithelial
Germ cell ovarian tumors (~20%):
- ovarian teratoma: the commonest primary benign tumor of the ovary
- ovarian dysgerminoma
- ovarian yolk sac tumor: endodermal sinus tumor
- ovarian embryonal carcinoma
- ovarian choriocarcinoma: <1% of ovarian tumors
- pure primary ovarian choriocarcinoma: extremely rare
- malignant mixed germ cell tumor of the ovary
Sex cord / stromal ovarian tumors (8-10%):
- ovarian fibrothecoma: ~5% of ovarian tumors
- ovarian fibroma: ~4% of ovarian tumors
- ovarian thecoma: ~1% of ovarian tumors
- sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary: rare
- ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor - ovarian androblastoma: ~0.5% of ovarian tumors
- granulosa cell tumor of ovary: commonest malignant sex cord tumor
- small cell carcinoma of the ovary
Mixed
These are uncommon:
Other
- ovarian lymphoma
- metastases to the ovary
- Krukenberg tumor
- other metastatic lesions to the ovary
Classification according to morphology
Predominantly cystic
- serous cystadenoma
- mucinous cystadenoma
- mature cystic teratoma
- serous cystadenocarcinoma
- mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Predominantly solid
- Brenner tumor
- thecoma
- fibroma
- endometroid granulosa cell tumors
- dysgerminoma
- endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor)
- metastatic
Serological tests
- CA-125 levels: elevated in most ovarian malignancies (~80% in general); some mucinous and germ cell tumors may not secrete this marker
- AFP levels: elevated particularly with immature ovarian teratomas (~50% of cases) and ovarian yolk sac tumors
- β HCG: in a small number of dysgerminomas
- human epididymis protein 4 (HE4): elevated in malignant ovarian diseases, being helpful to complement the Ca-125 in premenopausal women
Risk factors
General risk factors include
- nulliparity
- early menopause
- gonadal dysgenesis
- family history: contributes to 24% of cases of epithelial ovarian cancer
- BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations: particularly for serous types
- Lynch syndrome-associated ovarian cancers most often have an endometrioid or serous type histology
- smoking: especially for mucinous adenocarcinoma
- previous history of breast, endometrial or colon cancer (Lynch II)
- certain ethnic groups
Protective factors
- oral contraceptives
- breastfeeding (this is controversial)
Risk assessment
Staging
The FIGO staging system is used for almost all of the ovarian cancers: see ovarian cancer staging.
Siehe auch:
- Teratom des Ovars
- ovarian mucinous cystadenoma
- adulter Granulosazelltumor des Ovars
- ovarian thecoma
- Zystadenom des Ovars
- seröses Boderline-Zystadenom des Ovars
- Krukenberg-Tumor
- ovarian cystadenofibroma
- ovarian dysgerminoma
- Fibrom des Ovars
- seröses Zystadenom des Ovars
- Struma ovarii Tumor
- FIGO-Klassifikation
- ovarian borderline mucinous cystadenoma
- Ovarialkarzinom Staging
- ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
- clear cell ovarian carcinoma
- ovarian fibrothecoma
- unreifes Teratom des Ovars
- epithelial ovarian tumours
- ovarian mucinous tumours
- undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary
- zystische Ovarialtumoren
- Metastasen des Ovars
- sex cord - stromal ovarian tumours
- primary ovarian lymphoma
- ovarian yolk sac tumour
- ovarian carcinoid tumours
- specialised teratomas of the ovary
- ovarian serous tumours
- ovarian carcinosarcoma
- ovarian cystadenocarcinofibroma
- Plattenepithelkarzinom des Ovars
- Sertoli-Leydig-Zell-Tumor des Ovars
- malignant mixed germ cell tumour of the ovary
- Granulosazelltumor des Ovars
- sclerosing stromal tumour of the ovary
- benigne Tumoren des Ovars
- maligne Tumoren des Ovars
- vorwiegend solide Ovarialtumoren
- juveniler Granulosazelltumor des Ovars
- Adenofibrom des Ovars
- Brenner-Tumor
- Kollisionstumor des Ovars / der Ovarien
- Dottersacktumor des Ovars
- mucinous adenocarcinoma
- ovarian androblastoma
- reifes zystisches Teratom des Ovars
- ovarian lymphoma
- Keimzelltumor des Ovars
- ovarian endometrioid tumour
- ovarian papilliferous cystadenocarcinoma
- ovarian tumors in children
- seröses Zystadenokarzinom des Ovars
- Chorionkarzinom des Ovars
- reines primäres Chorionkarzinom des Ovars
und weiter:
- Kystom
- Milzmetastasen
- cancer
- Corpus luteum
- ovaries
- Hydrokolpos
- hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
- sonographic values in obstetrics and gynaecology
- verkalkte Metastasen
- ultrasound appearances of liver metastases
- metastases to the breast
- miliary nodules in the exam
- endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary
- predominantly solid ovarian neoplasms
- pelvine Aktinomykose
- specialised teratoma of the ovary
- Hydrometrokolpos
- CA 125 elevation
- Tubenkarzinom
- mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
- mesonephroid carcinoma of the ovary
- ovarian tumours associated with endomterial thickening
- malignant mixed Müllerian tumour of the ovary
- ovarian cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis
- peritoneale Pseudozysten
- peritoneal pseudocyst
- carcinosarcoma of ovary
- ovarian involvement in Burkitt lymphoma
- gynäkologisch radiologisches Curriculum
- multilokuläres muzinöses Zystadenom des Ovars
- Ovar
- MRI appearance of an ovarian fibroma
- reifes zystisches Teratom
- Hämangiom des Ovars
- Ovarialfibrom
- Metastasen in der Cervix uteri
Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu Ovarialkarzinom:
