cardiac rhabdomyoma

Cardiac
rhabdomyoma • Cardiac rhabdomyomas in tuberous sclerosis - prenatal and neonatal findings - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia
Ho, F. Cardiac rhabdomyomas in tuberous sclerosis - prenatal and neonatal findings. Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 20 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-58999 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)
Congenital
cardiac masses: a case report. Fetal echocardiography at 32 weeks 5 days gestational age showed two similar small echogenicity in RV apex and septal aspect (4 mm × 2.6 mm) (arrows) suspicious of rhabdomyomas. Normal valvar function
jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com • CC-by-4.0
Newborn with
respiratory distress. CXR AP (above left) shows cardiomegaly. Coronal CT with contrast of the chest (above right) shows a large low density nonenhancing mass inside the heart which on axial CT (below left) appears to be in the right ventricle and on sagittal CT (below right) appears to be encroaching on the right ventricular outflow tract.The diagnosis was cardiac rhabdomyoma in a patient with tuberous sclerosis.
pediatricimaging.org • CC-by-nc-sa 4.0
Radiopaedia • CC-by-nc-sa 3.0 • de

Cardiac rhabdomyomas are a type of benign myocardial tumor and are considered the most common fetal cardiac tumor. They have a strong association with tuberous sclerosis.

Epidemiology

Cardiac rhabdomyomas are often multiple and can represent up to 90% of cardiac tumors in the pediatric population . The majority are diagnosed before the age of 1 year. The estimated incidence is at ~1 in 20,000 births .

Clinical presentation

The majority of cardiac rhabdomyomas are asymptomatic although there can be a broad clinical spectrum. Occasionally, they may present with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction or refractory arrhythmias.

Pathology

It is a hamartomatous lesion consisting of cardiac muscle tissue (derived from embryonal myoblasts). Macroscopically, they appear as yellow-tan solid, circumscribed, unencapsulated lesions. Microscopically, a characteristic spider cell is seen which is a large clear cell with cytoplasmic strands composed of glycogen extending to the plasma membrane.

Location

They may arise anywhere in the myocardium but are more common in the ventricles (may involve the left ventricle the most) .

Associations

Radiographic features

Ultrasound/echocardiography

May be seen as one or more solid hyperechoic masses located in relation to the myocardium. Small lesions can mimic diffuse myocardial thickening. They frequently occur in relation to the ventricles. The size of a lesion detected in utero may range from 10-50 mm .

MRI
  • T1: isointense to adjacent myocardium 
  • T2: hyperintense to adjacent myocardium

Treatment and prognosis

In most cases, no treatment is required, and these lesions regress spontaneously. Patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction or refractory arrhythmias respond well to surgical excision. The overall prognosis is dependent on the number, size and location of the lesions as well as the presence or absence of associated anomalies.

Complications
  • development of cardiac arrhythmias
  • intracavitary growth may cause
    • ventricular outflow tract obstruction
    • valvular compromise
    • disruption of intracardiac blood flows leading to congestive heart failure and hydrops

Differential diagnosis

For the in utero sonographic appearance of diffuse myocardial thickening, consider:

  • fetal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Siehe auch:
und weiter:
Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu Rhabdomyom des Herzens:
Tuberöse
Sklerose
Wikipedia • CC BY-SA 3.0
primäre
kardiale Tumoren
Wikipedia • CC BY 3.0