Small bowel folds (differential)
Regular, smooth generalized thickening
- edema
- congestive cardiac failure (CCF)
- hypoalbuminemia
- lymphatic obstruction
- angioneurotic edema
- infection
- radiation
- ischemia
- hemorrhage
- anticoagulation or bleeding diathesis
- vasculitides
- IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein purpura)
- Buerger disease
- graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
- hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
- disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- trauma
- cellular/proteinaceous infiltrates
- lymphoma/leukemia
- eosinophilic enteritis: early, before becoming irregular
- amyloidosis: early, before becoming irregular
This is a long list and dividing patients by age and presentation helps somewhat.
Elderly, acute presentation: Top 3
Elderly, chronic/asymptomatic presentation: Top 3
Young, acute presentation: Top 3
Young, chronic/asymptomatic presentation: Top 3
Irregular, nodular generalized thickening
- neoplasms
- metastases, especially melanoma
- lymphoma
- infection
- Giardia
- Whipple disease
- tuberculosis: typically terminal ileum
- Yersinia: typically terminal ileum
- Strongyloidiasis: more pronounced proximally
- inflammatory/cellular/proteinaceous infiltrate
Sand-like nodules in mucosa
- nodular lymphoid hyperplasia
- macroglobulinemia
- mastocytosis
- Whipple disease
- eosinophilic enteritis
