HIV associated follicular bronchiolitis

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HIV associated follicular bronchiolitis is a form of bronchiolitis that occurs in those with HIV.

Epidemiology

It has been described in both HIV-positive children and adults.

Pathology

It is manifested by bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue hyperplasia thought to be due to repetitive antigen stimulation and polyclonal lymphoid expansion. When associated with follicular bronchiolitis, this histopathological pattern is limited to the peribronchiolar area, whereas in lymphoid interstitial pneumonia it extends into the interstitium.

Radiographic features

CT chest

Computed tomography usually shows small (<3 mm) centrilobular nodules and often demonstrates peribronchial nodules. Some patients may have ground-glass changes .

Treatment and prognosis

It can have a variable prognosis. However, it can resolve with highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Differential diagnosis

Possible considerations include