Radiation-induced lung disease

Unilateral
hypertranslucent hemithorax • Apical post-radiotheraphy change - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia
Jones J, Apical post-radiotheraphy change. Case study, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 16 Jan 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-6843 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)
Radiopaedia • CC-by-nc-sa 3.0 • de

Radiation-induced lung disease (RILD) is a frequent complication of radiotherapy to the chest for chest wall or intrathoracic malignancies and can have a variety of appearances, especially depending on when the patient is imaged. Acute and late phases are described, corresponding to radiation pneumonitis and radiation fibrosis, respectively. These occur at different times after completion of radiotherapy and have a different clinical presentation, imaging features, and differential diagnoses.

As such they are discussed separately:

The remainder of this article is a general discussion of the effects of radiation on the lung.

Epidemiology

The demographics of patients affected by radiation-induced lung disease are those of the underlying condition for which radiation therapy was performed. Typically patients have received radiation therapy for one of the following:

The risk of developing radiation-induced lung disease depends on a number of factors, including:

  • total dose administered
    • rare below 20 Gy
    • almost invariable above 40 Gy
  • degree of fractionation: a smaller number of fractions to deliver the total radiation dose
  • prior chemotherapy
    • actinomycin D
    • adriamycin
    • bleomycin
    • busulfan
  • concurrent chemotherapy
  • smoking history
  • reduced lung function
  • pulmonary hypertension

See also

  • radiation induced organizing pneumonia (RIOP): different entity -  a type of secondary organizing pneumonia that is characterized by infiltrative opacification "outside" the irradiated volume

  • radiation recall pneumonitis: rare reaction in previously irradiated area of pulmonary tissue after application of triggering agents (e.g. chemotherapeutic agents, immunomodultors etc.)

Siehe auch:
und weiter:
Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu strahleninduzierte Lungenerkrankung:
Strahlenpneumonitis
 
insightsimaging.springeropen.com • CC-by-2.0