caval variants

Many caval variants exist, due to the complex embryology of the venous system. These are important for a number of reasons:

• not to confuse them with pathology
• suggest the presence of frequently associated other abnormalities
• planning of vascular intervention or surgery

Types

• superior vena cava (SVC)
  • left sided superior vena cava
  • superior vena caval duplication
• inferior vena cava (IVC)
  • post-renal
    • persistent right posterior cardinal vein (retrocaval or circumcaval ureter)
    • persistent left supracardinal vein (transposition of IVC or left-sided IVC)
    • persistent both supracardinal veins (duplication of IVC)
    • absent infrarenal inferior vena cava
  • renal
    • circumaortic venous collar
    • retroaortic left renal vein
  • pre-renal
    • azygos continuation of IVC

See also

• anatomic variants

Siehe auch:

• persistierende linke obere Hohlvene
• Varianten der Vena cava inferior
• Duplikatur der Vena cava inferior
• Azygoskontinuität
• Varianten der Vena cava superior
• retrocavaler Verlauf des Ureters
• circumaortic venous collar