echogenic fetal lung lesions

Echogenic fetal lung lesions on antenatal ultrasound can be detected in a number of situations. They include:

Airway obstructions: lung are often enlarged and echogenic bilaterally
- congenital high airways obstruction syndrome (CHAOS)
  - tracheal atresia
  - congenital tracheal stenosis
  - laryngeal atresia
  - congenital laryngeal stenosis
Intrinsic lung lesions: usually unilateral
- congenital pulmonary airways malformation (CPAM): most common ~75%
  - typically type II or III
- bronchopulmonary sequestration (usually extra-lobar)
  - typically on left lower lobe
- hybrid lesions
- bronchial atresia
- congenital lobar emphysema