Essential elements

The essential elements are chemical elements which are essential for optimal physical and mental well being, and required in bulk (cf. trace elements) quantities in a normal human diet. The elements are:

• calcium
• magnesium
• phosphorus
• potassium
• sodium

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Biochemistry

• chemical elements
  • basic organic elements
    • carbon
    • hydrogen
    • oxygen
    • nitrogen
  • essential bulk elements
    • calcium
    • magnesium
    • phosphorus
    • potassium
    • sodium
  • essential trace elements
    • cobalt
    • copper
    • iodine
    • iron
    • manganese
    • molybdenum
    • selenium
    • sulfur
    • zinc
  • non-essential elements
    • alkaline earth metals
      • beryllium
      • radium
    • halogens
      • bromine
      • fluorine
    • heavy metals
      • ​chromium
      • gadolinium
      • lead
      • mercury
      • tungsten
• carbohydrates
• fats
• proteins
  • amino acids
• nucleic acids
  • DNA
  • RNA
• tumor markers
  • AFP
  • CA 15-3
  • CA 19-9
  • CA 27-29
  • CA-125
  • CEA
  • chromogranin A
  • human epididymis protein 4
  • lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
  • prostate specific antigen (PSA)
  • S100
  • vimentin
• serum
  • amylase
    • macroamylasemia
  • beta-hCG
  • C-reactive protein (CRP)
  • creatine kinase (CK)
  • lactate
  • lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
  • lipase
    • macrolipasemia
  • PAPP-A
  • parathyroid hormone (PTH)
  • troponin
• autoantibodies
  • antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
  • antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)
  • rheumatoid factor (RF)
• feces
  • fecal occult blood (FOB)
  • calprotectin
  • pancreatic elastase
• vitamins
  • fat-soluble vitamins
    • vitamin A
      • vitamin A deficiency
      • vitamin A excess
    • vitamin D
      • vitamin D deficiency
      • vitamin D excess
    • vitamin E
      • vitamin E deficiency
      • vitamin E excess
    • vitamin K
      • vitamin K deficiency
  • water-soluble vitamins
    • B vitamins
      • vitamin B1 (thiamine)
        • ​thiamine deficiency
      • vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
        • ​ariboflavinosis (vitamin B2 deficiency)
      • vitamin B3 (niacin)
        • ​niacin deficiency (pellagra)
        • niacin excess
      • vitamin B5
        • ​vitamin B5 deficiency
      • vitamin B6
        • ​vitamin B6 deficiency
        • vitamin B6 excess
      • biotin (vitamin B7)
        • ​biotin deficiency
      • vitamin B9 (folate/folic acid)
        • folate deficiency
      • vitamin B12
        • ​vitamin B12 deficiency
        • vitamin B12 excess
    • vitamin C
      • scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)
• hematinics