CA 19-9
CA 19-9 (carbohydrate antigen 19-9 or cancer antigen 19-9) is a serum antigen (monosialoganglioside) that has increased diagnostic use in the management of several malignancies, mainly of hepatopancreaticobiliary origin. It is non-specific, however, and can rise in both malignant and non-malignant conditions.
Elevated serum CA 19-9
Elevation of serum CA 19-9 has been associated with many conditions including the following:
- hepatopancreaticobiliary malignancies
- cholangiocarcinoma
- a CA 19-9 of >100 U/mL may have a sensitivity of 50% in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma
- when it is elevated with proven malignancy, larger unresectable tumors are generally thought to have higher levels of elevation
- pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- with an upper limit of normal at 37 U/mL, the assays overall sensitivity is approximately 80% and its specificity is 90% for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- when it is elevated with proven malignancy, larger unresectable tumors are generally thought to have higher levels of elevation
- cholangiocarcinoma
- other malignancies
- non-malignant hepatopancreaticobiliary conditions : the increase is generally small
- acute and chronic pancreatitis
- cholecystitis
- cirrhosis
- chronic and alcoholic hepatitis
- acute hepatic necrosis
- gallstones
- non-malignant obstructive jaundice: usually should go down after relief of obstruction unless there is an associated malignancy
- non-hepatopancreaticobiliary conditions:
- others
- heavy tea consumption
- idiopathic
History and etymology
It was initially discovered by H Koprowski and co-workers in 1980 associated with colon and pancreatic cancer .
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