Lendenhernien

Lumbar hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are a rare form of posterior abdominal hernia.

Epidemiology

Most common in patients aged between 50 and 70 years with a male predominance .

Clinical presentation

Patients with lumbar hernias can present with a variety of symptoms, including a posterolateral mass, back pain, bowel obstruction (if contents contain bowel), or urinary obstruction (if contents are kidney/ureter).

Pathology

Lumbar hernias occur through defects in the lumbar muscles or the posterior fascia, below the 12 rib and above the iliac crest. Two types are described, according to the anatomical location of the hernial neck:

Etiology

There are three broad etiologies for lumbar hernias:

  • congenital hernias (20%)
    • discovered in infancy and are due to defects in the musculoskeletal system
    • may be associated with other malformations
  • primary acquired lumbar hernias (55%)
    • spontaneous, without a causal factor such as surgery, infection, or trauma
    • risk factors include age, extremes of body habitus, quick weight loss, chronic disease, muscular atrophy, chronic bronchitis, wound infection, postoperative sepsis, and strenuous physical activity
  • secondary acquired lumbar hernias (25%)
    • may be caused by blunt, penetrating, or crushing trauma; fractures of the iliac crest; surgical lesions; hepatic abscesses; infections in pelvic bones, ribs, or lumbodorsal fascia; or infected retroperitoneal hematomas
Contents

Lumbar hernias may contain a number of intra- or retroperitoneal structures including:

History and etymology

J Grynfeltt and P Lesshaft independently described superior lumbar hernias in 1866 and 1870 , respectively.

The first description of the inferior or superficial lumbar hernia by French surgeon Jean-Louis Petit (1672-1750) in 1738 .

Siehe auch:
und weiter: