small air ways inflammatory disease

Clinical and radiological features of lung disorders related to connective-tissue diseases: a pictorial essay. Airway disease in RA patient, clearly depicted in A, B. Lobular decreased attenuation areas (white empty arrows) are caused by follicular bronchiolitis and obliterative bronchiolitis. This finding represents an early manifestation of disease, due to airway involvement—typically found when no fibrosing alterations are observed

Clinical and

radiological features of lung disorders related to connective-tissue diseases: a pictorial essay. Airway disease in RA patient, clearly depicted in A, B. Lobular decreased attenuation areas (white empty arrows) are caused by follicular bronchiolitis and obliterative bronchiolitis. This finding represents an early manifestation of disease, due to airway involvement—typically found when no fibrosing alterations are observed

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siehe auch

mosaikartige Verdichtungen der Lunge
Hypersensitivitätspneumonitis
pulmonale und mediastinale Sarcoidose
tree in bud-Muster
air trapping
Bronchiolitis
zentrilobuläre Lungennoduli
respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease
follikuläre Bronchiolitis
diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine hyperplasia

Small airways disease comprise of a group infectious as well as non-infectious conditions that affect the small airways (i.e. airways that are more peripheral to the main bronchi and proximal bronchioles (4 the 14 generation) - arbitrarily considered to be those with an internal diameter of ≤2 mm ).

Pathology

While some authors consider this term synonymous with a bronchiolitis , conditions such as asthma may also fall under this group . There are also many other conditions that can affect or be associated with small airways which include:

hypersensitivity pneumonitis
sarcoidosis - pulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis
respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease
micro carcinoid tumourlets - diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine hyperplasia
follicular bronchiolitis
drug-induced small airways disease
connective tissues diseases
- rheumatoid arthritis
- pulmonary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease
- Sjogren syndrome

Radiographic features

CT

There are many CT features associated with small airways disease, which include:

direct signs
- thickened peripheral airways: may only be seen in the proximal portion
indirect signs (many of these features may be nonspecific on their own):