Varizellenpneumonie
Varicella pneumonia is a type of viral pneumonia. It is a common cause of multiple small round calcific lung lesions. Varicella-zoster virus most commonly causes self-limited benign disease (chickenpox) in children. However, in adults it tends to cause significant complications including varicella pneumonia.
Pathology
Varicella pneumonia is the most serious complication of disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection with mortality rates of 9-50%. More than 90% of cases of varicella-zoster virus pneumonia in adults occur in patients with lymphoma or immune compromise.
Histologic features of varicella-zoster virus pneumonia are those of diffuse alveolar damage. With recovery from the initial disease, spherical nodules are seen, scattered randomly throughout the lung parenchyma.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
- multiple 5-10 mm ill-defined nodules that may be confluent and fleeting
- small, round nodules usually resolve within a week after the disappearance of the skin lesions but may persist for months
- lesions can calcify and can persist as numerous, well-defined, randomly scattered, 2-3 mm dense calcifications
CT
- well-defined and ill-defined nodules diffusely throughout both lungs
- nodules with a surrounding halo of ground-glass opacity, patchy ground-glass opacity, and coalescence of nodules are also seen
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis of very dense miliary opacities includes:
- healed varicella pneumonia
- pulmonary hemosiderosis, e.g. mitral stenosis
- repeated hemorrhage, e.g. Goodpasture syndrome
- idiopathic
- silicosis: exposure to pure silica
- pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis
- calcified metastases, e.g. osteosarcoma
See also
- dense miliary opacities
- miliary opacities
Siehe auch:
- Silikose
- Miliartuberkulose
- miliare Lungenherde
- Viruspneumonie
- Hämosiderose der Lunge
- Goodpasture-Syndrom
- alveoläre Mikrolithiasis
- Mitralklappenstenose
- Osteosarkommetastasen
und weiter:
Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu Varizellenpneumonie:
