Verschmelzung der Kleinhirnhemisphären

A rare case
of cerebellar fusion ;Gomez- Lopez-Hernandez syndrome. Coronal T2W MR image showing absence of cerebellar vermis (vertical arrow) with transversely oriented cerebellar folia and continuity of the cerebellar white matter across the midline (horizontal arrow) .
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MRI showing
fusion of cerebellar hemispheres common in GLH syndrome
Wikipedia • Public domain
Romboencephalosynapsis.
Brain MRI: There is apparent fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres (rhombencephalosynapsis) with continuous appearance of vermis and both cerebellar hemispheres. There is a small cavum septum pellucidum.
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Romboencephalosynapsis.
There is apparent fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres with continuous appearance of vermis and both cerebellar hemispheres.
www.eurorad.org • CC by-nc-sa-4.0
Romboencephalosynapsis.
There is apparent fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres with continuous appearance of vermis and both cerebellar hemispheres.
www.eurorad.org • CC by-nc-sa-4.0
Romboencephalosynapsis.
There is apparent fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres with continuous appearance of vermis and both cerebellar hemispheres.
www.eurorad.org • CC by-nc-sa-4.0
A rare case
of cerebellar fusion ;Gomez- Lopez-Hernandez syndrome. Axial T2W MR image showing absence of cerebellar vermis (vertical arrow) with transversely oriented cerebellar folia and continuity of the cerebellar white matter across the midline (horizontal arrow).
www.eurorad.org • CC by-nc-sa-4.0
A rare case
of cerebellar fusion ;Gomez- Lopez-Hernandez syndrome. Axial T1W MR image showing absence of cerebellar vermis with fusion of middle cerebellar peduncles (vertical arrow) and diamond shaped rostral 4th ventricle (horizontal arrow).
www.eurorad.org • CC by-nc-sa-4.0
Radiopaedia • CC-by-nc-sa 3.0 • de

Rhombencephalosynapsis is a congenital abnormality of the cerebellum characterized by absence of the vermis and continuity of the cerebellar hemispheres, dentate nuclei, and superior cerebellar peduncles. It either occurs as an isolated anomaly (rare) or as part of wider cerebral malformation and it has variable degrees of neurological impairment.

Epidemiology

The condition is very rare and thought to be sporadic. No familial cases have been identified .

Clinical presentation

Clinical presentation includes truncal and/or limb ataxia, abnormal eye movements, head stereotypies, delayed motor development, and other features determined by supratentorial abnormalities (see below) . Overall patients tend to die in childhood or early adult life .

Associations

Rhombencephalosynapsis has been seen to be associated with:

Pathology

Embryologically rhombencephalosynapsis is now considered as a failure of vermian differentiation with the fused development of the cerebellar hemispheres, thought to result from an insult between the 28 and 44day of gestation . There is classically a transversely oriented single lobed cerebellum.

Rhombencephalosynapsis was traditionally thought to be a complete fusion of cerebellar hemispheres; however, off late cases of partial fusion have also been reported .

Radiographic features

MRI

Rhombencephalosynapsis is best seen on MRI brain, and is characterized by :

  • vermian abnormalities
    • absent anterior (rostral) vermis
    • deficient posterior (caudal) vermis
    • nodulus tends to be formed
  • fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, with transversely oriented inferior cerebellar folia
  • fusion of dentate nuclei
  • fusion of the superior cerebellar peduncles

This usually results in an abnormally small posterior fossa, and an abnormally shaped fourth ventricle, which takes on a diamond (or key hole) shape .

Additional frequently associated abnormalities include:

  • fusion of the thalami
  • fusion of inferior colliculi
  • absent septum pellucidum
  • ventriculomegaly: often from aqueductal stenosis
  • sutural synostosis
  • other supratentorial abnormalities

Treatment and prognosis

Variable clinical progression ranging from early death to varying degrees of cerebellar dysfunction and neurodevelopmental delay. Some patients may reach adulthood .

History and etymology

It was first reported by Heinrich Obersteiner (1847-1922), an Austrian neurologist, in 1914 .

Differential diagnosis

Imaging differential considerations include:

Siehe auch:
und weiter:
Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu Rhombencephalosynapsis:
Lhermitte-Duclos-Syndrom
 
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Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez
syndrome
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Dandy Walker
continuum
Wikipedia • CC BY-SA 3.0
fusionierte
Thalami
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