Aspergillus species

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Aspergillus is a fungal genus consisting of approximately 180 species. It is a ubiquitous fungus frequently found in urban areas especially in decomposing organic matter or water damaged walls and ceilings. Only a few Aspergillus species are associated with human disease.

Aspergillus species

The most common pathogenic species are Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus.

Aspergillus fumigatus

A. fumigatus is the commonest of the Aspergillus species to cause disease in humans. Inhalation of its spores is associated with pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. It may also be associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Aspergillus flavus

A. flavus produces aflatoxin which is both a toxin and a carcinogen, and which can potentially contaminate foods such as nuts.

Aspergillus clavatus

A. clavatus is not commonly associated with a disease. It tends to cause an allergenic response and, in some cases, hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Other rarer species

A. niger
A. nidulans
A. oryzae
A. terreus
A. glaucus

History and etymology

Aspergillus was first cataloged in 1729 by the Italian priest Pier Antonio Micheli who likened their appearance at microscopy to an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler).