appendiceal carcinoid
School ager
with right lower quadrant pain. Axial CT with contrast of the abdomen (above) shows on top of the right psoas muscle and right iliac vessels in the right lower quadrant a dilated, fluid-filled tubular structure containing a calcification . Coronal CT (below) shows two calcifications within the tubular structure which is just medial to the cecum and surrounded by inflammatory changes.The diagnosis was acute appendicitis with multiple appendicoliths. Pathological examination additionally revealed a carcinoid tumor of the appendix.
Carcinoid
tumour of the appendix in children: a case report. Intraoperatively we defined a solid, moderately hard, elastic and yellowish mass on the appendix tip, with diameter 1,0 cm.
Goblet cell
carcinoid of the appendix – diagnostic challenges and treatment updates: a case report and review of the literature. Computed tomography scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis showing a thickened appendix at 12 mm in diameter as indicated by arrow
Appendiceal carcinoids are rare overall but represent the most common tumor of the appendix. The appendix is also one of the most common (but not the most common) locations for gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors.
Clinical presentation
Appendiceal carcinoids can present as the obstructive cause of acute appendicitis or less commonly a mucocele. Often they are incidental findings .
Pathology
Appendiceal carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumors that classically arise at the appendiceal tip from subepithelial neuroendocrine cells .
Histology
Two types are described :
- classic type
- Goblet cell carcinoid
- considered a distinct tumor, separate from classic neuroendocrine tumor, with its own evolving classification based on degree of differentiation
Radiographic features
CT
- small (usually <1 cm), round masses or diffuse appendiceal thickening
- most commonly at the appendiceal tip (75%)
Treatment and prognosis
Appendiceal carcinoids have a more benign course than other gastrointestinal carcinoids, rarely metastasizing, with a 5-year survival rate of >90% .
Metastases, when they do occur are to regional nodes, and rarely the liver .
Differential diagnosis
- other causes of mucocele of the appendix
- appendicitis
- other appendiceal neoplasms
- mucinous cystadenocarcinoma: most common malignant neoplasm of the appendix
- colonic adenocarcinoma
- lymphoma
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und weiter:
Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu Karzinoid der Appendix:
