Axial skeleton
The axial skeleton is the central portion of the bony skeleton comprising the head, neck and trunk (80 bones in total). It has many functions including housing and protecting the central nervous system as well as the organs of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. It enables movement and supports the upper and lower limbs (appendicular skeleton).
Bones of the axial skeleton
- skull
- calvaria
- frontal bone
- temporal bone (paired)
- parietal bone (paired)
- occipital bone
- facial bones
- sphenoid bone
- palatine bone (paired)
- ethmoid bone
- nasal bone (paired)
- vomer
- zygoma (paired)
- maxilla (paired)
- mandible
- middle ear ossicles (paired)
- calvaria
- hyoid
- spine
- cervical vertebrae (7)
- atlas (C1)
- axis (C2)
- typical cervical vertebrae (C3-7)
- thoracic vertebrae (12)
- lumbar vertebrae (5)
- sacrum (5)
- coccyx (3-5)
- cervical vertebrae (7)
- thorax