gastric lymphoma

B-Zell-Lymphom
des Magens mit erheblicher Verdickung der Magenwand, wobei der Tumor eine relativ homogene Dichte aufweist. Kleinkurvaturseitig mehrere Lymphknoten auch paragastral.
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Spectrum of
imaging findings in AIDS-related diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Newly diagnosed HIV-positive patient who had CD4 count of 151 presented with primary gastric lymphoma. He was treated with R-CHOP regimen complicated by severe neutropenic sepsis. Intrathecal chemotherapy was deferred to cycle 3 due to poor performance. Interim PET/CT showed good treatment response of the gastric tumor but there was refractory neuraxial disease seen as FDG avid conus medullaris
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Gastric lymphoma may either represent secondary involvement by systemic disease or primary malignancy confined to the stomach.

Epidemiology 

Gastric lymphoma represents the most common site of extranodal lymphoma, accounting for 25% of all such lymphomas, 50% of all gastrointestinal lymphomas, but comprise only 1-5% of all gastric malignancies .

Typically primary gastric lymphoma occurs in adults in the 6 decade of life, without a distinct gender predilection . Secondary gastric lymphoma matches the demographics of the underlying lymphoma.

Clinical presentation

Typically patients present with long-standing epigastric pain and/or dyspepsia often attributed to Helicobacter pylori .

Pathology

Three distinct types of gastric lymphoma are recognized :

  • low-grade MALT lymphoma: 60% of all primary gastric lymphoma
  • primary sporadic lymphoma: the vast majority are B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma 
  • secondary involvement of the stomach by systemic lymphoma (usually high grade)

    • Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori (85-98% of cases). These are low-grade lymphomas and may regress following the treatment of Helicobacter infection .

    Radiographic features

    Fluoroscopy

    Appearances on barium meal vary from normal to grossly abnormal. Possible findings include:

    CT

    Typically gastric lymphoma demonstrates marked thickening of the stomach wall (2-4 cm) with a large lateral extension of the tumor (i.e. along the wall of the stomach) representing submucosal spread .

    In some instances the submucosal spread encompasses the majority of the stomach, giving it a linitis plastica appearance. Such extensive mural involvement can also extend across the pylorus into the duodenum and superiorly into the esophagus .

    Despite such extensive involvement, it is uncommon for lymphoma to result in gastric outlet obstruction  or perigastric fat invasion.

    The mass is usually homogeneous in attenuation, but may contain focal areas of low density representing necrosis.

    Extensive retroperitoneal and local nodal enlargement is often seen.

    Differential diagnosis

    General imaging differential considerations include:

    • gastric carcinoma
      • more likely to cause gastric outlet obstruction
      • more likely to be in the distal stomach
      • more likely to extend beyond the serosa and obliterate adjacent fat plane
      • more focal
      • lymph nodes tend to be smaller and more localized to immediate draining nodes (unlike in gastric carcinoma, gastric lymphomas are associated with large lymph nodes and with adenopathy often extending below the level of renal veins/hilum)
    • gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

    For diffuse gastric wall thickening also consider:

    Siehe auch:
    und weiter:
    Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu Lymphom des Magens:
    verdickte
    Magenwand
    Wikipedia • CC BY-SA 4.0
    phlegmonöse
    Gastritis
    Wikipedia • CC BY-SA 3.0
    Adenokarzinom
    des Magens
    wjso.biomedcentral.com • CC-by-2.0
    Gastrointestinaler
    Stromatumor
    wjso.biomedcentral.com • CC-by-2.0
    Morbus
    Ménétrier
    Wikipedia • CC BY-SA 3.0