Viral encephalitides
Magnetic
resonance images (MRIs) and computed tomography (CT) neuroradiographs showing lesions in brains of 3 children with eastern equine encephalitis. A) Results of noncontrast CT scan of the brain of patient 12 on hospital day 2; the neuroradiograph shows subtle hypoattenuation of the left caudate head (arrow) and diencephalic region. B) Axial fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image from brain MRI scan of patient 14 on hospital day 2; the image shows abnormal T2 hyperintense regions of the bimesial temporal regions (thick arrows) with accompanying abnormal T2 hyperintense regions of the dorsal pontomesencephalic regions (thin arrows). C, D) FLAIR images from brain MRI scan of patient 15 on hospital day 3. C) Abnormal T2 hyperintense caudate and thalamic nuclei, most prominent on the right (arrow). D) Abnormal T2 hyperintense regions are most prominent in the right parietotemporal gray matter (arrow) and subcortical white matter but are also seen scattered throughout.
Encephalitis
in bone marrow transplant patient. Axial FLAIR image demonstrates symmetric high T2 signal and oedema in the mesial temporal lobes bilaterally.
Encephalitis
in bone marrow transplant patient. Repeat MRI 3 weeks after therapy shows partial resolution of the mesial temporal lobe high T2 signal, which correlated with clinical recovery.
Viral
encephalitides • Viral encephalitis- sequelae - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia
Viral encephalitides are the result of brain parenchymal infection by a number of different viruses, many of which have similar presentations and imaging features. Specific diagnosis often requires PCR.
For viral infection of the meninges, please refer to the general article on viral meningitis, and, for a broad view on the curriculum of infections of the central nervous system, refer to CNS infectious diseases.
Pathology
The most common causes are :
- herpes simplex virus (most commonly diagnosed cause )
- varicella zoster virus (most common associated virus in one series )
- enterovirus
- influenza A virus
- cytomegalovirus (especially in immunocompromised patients)
Etiology
Although there are very many examples, some of the more common and/or important entities include :
- herpes virus family
- herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)
- herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)
- varicella zoster virus (VZV)
- Bickerstaff encephalitis
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
- cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)
- B virus (herpesvirus simiae)
- eastern equine encephalitis
- flavivirus encephalitis
- HIV
- JC virus
- progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- JC virus granule cell neuronopathy
- JC virus encephalopathy
- Nipah virus (NiV) encephalitis
- rabies encephalitis
- measles
- coronavirus
Siehe auch:
- Herpesenzephalitis
- HIV-Enzephalopathie
- human herpesvirus 6 encephalitis
- Enzephalitis durch Flaviviren
- Japanische Enzephalitis
- influenza-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy
- rubella encephalitis
- Varizellenenzephalitis
- H5N1 encephalitis
- Westliche Pferdeenzephalomyelitis
- rabies encephalitis
- West Nile virus
- St. Louis encephalitis
- Nipah virus encephalitis
- Frühsommer-Meningoenzephalitis
- Arbovirus encephalitis
- Murray Valley encephalitis virus
- California encephalitis virus
- Powassan encephalitis
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
- Tick-borne meningoencephalitis
- La Crosse encephalitis
- Enterovirusenzephalitis
- Rotaviren-Enzephalitis
- Lymphozytäre Choriomeningitis
und weiter:
Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu Virusenzephalitis: