Differential diagnosis of vascular calcification
The differential diagnosis of vascular calcification is very wide with many common and uncommon conditions.
Differential diagnosis
Common
- aneurysm
- atherosclerosis
- end-stage renal failure
- hemangioma; arteriovenous malformation
- hyperparathyroidism, primary or secondary (renal osteodystrophy)
- Mönckeberg’s medial sclerosis
- phleboliths
- as part of normal variation
- varicose veins
- hemangioma
- Maffucci syndrome
- premature atherosclerosis
- familial hyperlipemia
- generalized (idiopathic) arterial calcification of infancy
- osteogenesis imperfecta
- progeria
- secondary hyperlipemia
- congenital total lipodystrophy (lipoatrophic diabetes)
- Cushing syndrome
- diabetes
- glycogen storage disease
- hypothyroidism
- nephrotic syndrome
- renal homotransplantation
- Werner syndrome
Uncommon
- Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)
- calcified thrombus (eg, vena cava; portal vein; left atrium; pulmonary artery; peripheral artery; Leriche syndrome)
- cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis)
- gout; hyperuricemia
- homocystinuria
- hypervitaminosis D
- hypoparathyroidism
- immobilization
- milk-alkali syndrome
- ochronosis (alkaptonuria)
- oxalosis
- pseudoxanthoma elasticum
- radiation therapy
- Raynaud disease
- sarcoidosis
- Takayasu arteritis
- thermal injury (e.g. burns, frostbite)
- widespread bone destruction (e.g. metastatic disease)
- Williams syndrome (i.e. idiopathic hypercalcemia)
- calciphylaxis
