abducens nerve
The abducens nerve is the sixth cranial nerve. It courses from its nucleus located in the dorsal pons to its innervation of the lateral rectus muscle and can be divided into four parts:
Gross anatomy
Nucleus and intraparenchymal portion
The abducent nucleus is a small nucleus situated at the upper part of the rhomboid fossa beneath the facial colliculus within the pons. Fibers pass anterior through the pons medial to the facial nucleus to reach the pontomedullary junction.
Cisternal portion
It is the most medial of the nerves emerging immediately below the pons (facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve lateral to it) at the pontomedullary junction into the prepontine cistern. It courses anteriorly towards the clivus where it runs superiorly along the clivus enclosed within a fibrous sheath called Dorello canal and pierces the dura inferior to the posterior clinoid process. It then courses over the medial petrous apex towards the cavernous sinus. Its oblique course and relatively anchored position in Dorello canal make it prone to stretching when raised intracranial pressure from a space-occupying lesion causes transtentorial herniation (a sixth nerve palsy is the classic lateralizing sign of an extradural hematoma).
Cavernous sinus portion
Within the cavernous sinus, the abducens nerve is located inferolateral to the internal carotid artery, medial to the lateral wall of the sinus.
Orbital portion
Having entered the orbit through the superior orbital fissure within the tendinous ring (see Figure 3) it supplies the lateral rectus. It is the most inferior nerve passing through the tendinous ring, inferior to the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve.
Related pathology
Siehe auch:
- Arteria carotis interna
- Pons
- epidurales Hämatom
- Nervus facialis
- Hirnnerven
- Nervus vestibulocochlearis
- lateral rectus
- Sinus cavernosus
- inferior petrosal sinus
- Annulus of Zinn
- Arteria cerebelli anterior inferior
- Abducensparese
- Orbita
- dorello's canal
- infamous mnemonic
und weiter:
- Fissura orbitalis superior
- Hypophysenadenom
- intraconal orbital compartment
- lateral rectus muscle
- Gradenigo-Syndrom
- facial colliculus
- tendinous ring
- möbius syndrome
- inferolateral trunk
- ophthalmoparesis
- facial colliculus syndrome
- superior orbital fissure nerves (mnemonic)
- Infarkt im Kerngebiet des Nervus abducens
- cavernous sinus (mnemonic)
- Nucleus nervi abducentis
- traumatic injury of abducens nerve
- Pyramidenspitzen-Osteomyelitis
- Hirnnerven Eselsbrücke
Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu Nervus abducens:
