Mesencephalon

Midbrain •

Brainstem (illustrations) - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia

Gaillard F, Brainstem (illustrations). Case study, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 25 Apr 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-167525 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)

en:Parinaud"s

syndrome

Wikipedia • CC BY-SA 3.0

Hacking, C. Brainstem arterial territories (diagrams). Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 27 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-81960 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)

Midbrain •

Brainstem cross-sectional anatomy (diagrams) - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia

Hacking, C. Brainstem cross-sectional anatomy (diagrams). Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 27 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-81958 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)

Midbrain •

Brain development (diagram) - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia

Niknejad, M. Brain development (diagram). Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 27 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-21105 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)

Midbrain •

Brainstem - Gray's anatomy illustration - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia

Illustrations, G. Brainstem - Gray's anatomy illustration. Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 27 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-36265 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)

Midbrain •

Brainstem - Gray's anatomy illustration - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia

Illustrations, G. Brainstem - Gray's anatomy illustration. Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 27 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-36268 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)

Midbrain •

Brainstem: dorsal - Gray's anatomy illustration - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia

Illustrations, G. Brainstem: dorsal - Gray's anatomy illustration. Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 27 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-36273 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)

Midbrain •

Schematic of brain embryogenesis - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia

, W. Schematic of brain embryogenesis. Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 27 Oct 2022) https://radiopaedia.org/cases/36277 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)

Oculomotor

nucleus • Brainstem nuclei: dorsal section (Gray's illustration) - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia

Illustrations, G. Brainstem nuclei: dorsal section (Gray's illustration). Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 20 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-36272 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)

Middle

cerebral artery (MCA) infarct • Cerebral vascular territories (illustration) - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia

Gaillard, F. Cerebral vascular territories (illustration). Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 21 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-10814 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)

Cerebral

venous thrombosis • Brain venous vascular territories (diagram) - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia

Hacking, C. Brain venous vascular territories (diagram). Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 20 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-80107 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)

Radiopaedia • CC-by-nc-sa 3.0 • de

The midbrain, or mesencephalon (plural: mesencephala or mesencephalons), is the most rostral part of the brainstem and sits above the pons and is adjoined rostrally to the thalamus. During development, the midbrain forms from the middle of three vesicles that arise from the neural tube.

When viewed in cross-section, the midbrain can be divided into three portions:

tectum (posterior)
tegmentum
cerebral peduncles (anterior)

Sitting posteriorly, the tectum is composed of the tectal (quadrigeminal) plate and superior and inferior colliculi. The tectum is unique to the midbrain and does not have a counterpart in the rest of the brainstem.

The tegmentum (Latin for "covering") is the phylogenetically-old part of the brainstem and runs through the pons and medulla oblongata. In the adult brain, it contains all the brainstem nuclei.

Anterior to the tegmentum are the cerebral peduncles which are composed of the large ascending and descending tracts that run to and from the cerebrum.